The FizzBuzz problem is a popular programming interview question, often used to filter out candidates who lack basic coding skills. While it seems simple, it effectively tests your understanding of core programming constructs.
The Problem Statement
Write a program that prints numbers from 1 to 100. However, for multiples of 3, print "Fizz" instead of the number. For multiples of 5, print "Buzz" instead of the number. For numbers that are multiples of both 3 and 5, print "FizzBuzz".
Understanding the Requirements
Let's break down what we need to achieve:
* Iterate from 1 to 100: We need a way to go through each number sequentially. A for loop is perfect for this.
* Check for divisibility by 3: We'll use the modulo operator (%) to see if a number leaves a remainder of 0 when divided by 3.
* Check for divisibility by 5: Similar to above, we'll use the modulo operator for 5.
* Check for divisibility by both 3 and 5: This is the crucial part. If a number is divisible by both 3 and 5, it means it's divisible by their least common multiple, which is 15. So, checking number % 15 == 0 is the most efficient way.
* Print accordingly: Based on our checks, we'll print "FizzBuzz", "Fizz", "Buzz", or the number itself.
The Java Solution (Step-by-Step)
Let's write the Java code for FizzBuzz.
public class FizzBuzz {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Loop from 1 to 100 (inclusive)
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
// Check for multiples of both 3 and 5 (i.e., multiples of 15) first.
// This order is important to avoid printing just "Fizz" or "Buzz"
// for numbers that should be "FizzBuzz".
if (i % 15 == 0) {
System.out.println("FizzBuzz");
}
// Check for multiples of 3
else if (i % 3 == 0) {
System.out.println("Fizz");
}
// Check for multiples of 5
else if (i % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println("Buzz");
}
// If none of the above conditions are met, print the number itself
else {
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
}
Code Explanation
* public class FizzBuzz { ... }: This defines a class named FizzBuzz. In Java, all code resides within classes.
* public static void main(String[] args) { ... }: This is the main method, the entry point for any Java program. When you run the FizzBuzz class, the code inside this method will be executed.
* for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { ... }: This is a for loop.
* int i = 1;: Initializes a counter variable i to 1.
* i <= 100;: This is the loop condition. The loop will continue as long as i is less than or equal to 100.
* i++: Increments i by 1 after each iteration.
* if (i % 15 == 0) { ... }:
* % is the modulo operator. i % 15 gives the remainder when i is divided by 15.
* If the remainder is 0, it means i is perfectly divisible by 15. In this case, we print "FizzBuzz".
* Crucial Point: This condition must come first. If we checked for i % 3 == 0 or i % 5 == 0 first, then numbers like 15 (which is divisible by both 3 and 5) would incorrectly print "Fizz" or "Buzz" and not "FizzBuzz".
* else if (i % 3 == 0) { ... }: If the number is not a multiple of 15, we then check if it's a multiple of 3. If so, we print "Fizz".
* else if (i % 5 == 0) { ... }: If the number is not a multiple of 15 or 3, we then check if it's a multiple of 5. If so, we print "Buzz".
* else { ... }: If none of the above conditions are true (i.e., the number is not divisible by 3, 5, or 15), we simply print the number itself.
* System.out.println(...): This is the standard Java command to print output to the console, followed by a new line.
Running the Code
To run this Java code:
* Save: Save the code in a file named FizzBuzz.java.
* Compile: Open a terminal or command prompt, navigate to the directory where you saved the file, and compile it using the Java compiler:
javac FizzBuzz.java
* Run: After successful compilation, run the compiled code:
java FizzBuzz
You will see the output printed to your console, displaying numbers, "Fizz", "Buzz", and "FizzBuzz" as per the rules.
Why FizzBuzz is Important
While seemingly trivial, FizzBuzz is a fantastic exercise because:
* It introduces fundamental control flow: for loops and if-else if-else statements are the building blocks of almost any program.
* It tests logical thinking: The order of the if conditions is a subtle but critical detail.
* It's language-agnostic: The logic translates directly to almost any other programming language.
* It builds confidence: Successfully solving a basic problem provides a great confidence boost for beginners.
So, if you're just starting your programming journey, congratulations on tackling FizzBuzz! It's a solid foundation for more complex and exciting challenges ahead. Happy coding!
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