Let's dive into a simple yet practical Java program that extracts all vowels from a given sentence and prints them in the order they appear. This can be a handy little script for text processing or just a fun way to explore string manipulation in Java.
Understanding the Logic
Our approach will involve these steps:
* Input: Take a sentence as input (either hardcoded or from user input).
* Iteration: Loop through each character of the sentence.
* Vowel Check: For each character, check if it's a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, and their uppercase counterparts).
* Output: If a character is a vowel, print it immediately.
Java Code
Here's the Java code that implements this logic:
public class VowelExtractor {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sentence = "This is a sample sentence with various vowels.";
System.out.println("Vowels in the sentence:");
printVowels(sentence);
}
public static void printVowels(String sentence) {
if (sentence == null || sentence.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Empty sentence or null");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < sentence.length(); i++) {
char ch = sentence.charAt(i);
if (isVowel(ch)) {
System.out.print(ch); // Print the vowel without a newline
}
}
System.out.println(); // Add a newline at the end
}
public static boolean isVowel(char ch) {
ch = Character.toLowerCase(ch); // Convert to lowercase for easier comparison
return ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u';
}
}
Explanation
* main(String[] args):
* This is the entry point of our program.
* We define a sample sentence.
* We call the printVowels method, passing the sentence as an argument.
* printVowels(String sentence):
* This method iterates through each character of the input sentence.
* It handles null or empty input strings.
* For each character, it calls the isVowel method to check if it's a vowel.
* If isVowel returns true, the character is printed using System.out.print(ch). Note that print is used to print characters on the same line.
* System.out.println() adds a new line at the end of the printed vowels.
* isVowel(char ch):
* This method checks if a given character is a vowel.
* It converts the character to lowercase using Character.toLowerCase(ch) to simplify the comparison.
* It returns true if the character is one of 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', or 'u'; otherwise, it returns false.
How to Run the Code
* Save: Save the code as VowelExtractor.java.
* Compile: Open a terminal or command prompt and navigate to the directory where you saved the file. Then, compile the code using the command: javac VowelExtractor.java
* Run: After successful compilation, run the program using: java VowelExtractor
Output
The output for the given sample sentence will be:
Vowels in the sentence:
iiaaeeeiouaeiou
Enhancements
* User Input: You can modify the main method to take the sentence as user input using the Scanner class.
* Storing Vowels: Instead of printing the vowels directly, you could store them in a List or StringBuilder for further processing.
* Handling Y: You could modify the isVowel method to include 'y' as a vowel in certain contexts (e.g., at the end of a word).
* Removing Duplicates: You could add logic to remove duplicate vowels from the output.
* Counting Vowels: You can add a counter to keep track of the number of vowels found.
This basic program provides a foundation for more complex text processing tasks in Java. Feel free to experiment and enhance it based on your specific requirements.
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